Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1801
Birthdays
- January 29 - Horatia Nelson, daughter of Emma Hamilton and Horatio Nelson (d. 1881)
- February 1 - Émile Littré, French lexicographer (d. 1881)
- February 21 - John Henry Newman, English Catholic cardinal (d. 1890)
- March 21 - Maria Theresa of Tuscany, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1855)
- April 26 - Ambrose Dudley Mann, American diplomat (d. 1889)
- May 11 - Henri Labrouste, French architect (d. 1875)
- May 16 - William H. Seward, United States Secretary of State
- May 31 - Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist (d. 1887)
- June 1 - Brigham Young, Mormon church leader (d. 1877)
- June 4 - James Pennethorne, English architect (d. 1871)
- June 14 - Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (d. 1868)
- June 15 - Benjamin Raymond, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1883)
- June 16 - Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist (d. 1868)
- July 5 - David Farragut, American naval commander (d. 1870)
- July 14 - Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist (d. 1858)
- July 29 - George Bradshaw, English publisher (d. 1853)
- August 3 - Joseph Paxton, English gardener (d. 1865)
- August 21 - Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer, Dutch politician (d. 1876)
- August 28 - Antoine Augustin Cournot, French mathematician (d. 1877)
- September 10 - Marie Laveau, American Voodoo practitioner (d. 1881)
- September 24 - Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian scientist (d. 1862)
- October 6 - Hippolyte Carnot, French statesman (d. 1888)
- October 12 - Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss statesman (d. 1873)
- October 14 - Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (d. 1883)
- October 23 - Albert Lortzing, German composer (d. 1851)
- November 3 - Karl Baedeker, German author and publisher (d. 1859)
- November 3 - Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (d. 1835)
- November 10 - Samuel Gridley Howe, American social reformer (d. 1876)
- November 10 - Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (d. 1872)
- November 13 - Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, queen of Prussia (d. 1873)
- November 13 - Amalie Auguste of Bavaria, queen of Saxony (d. 1877)
- November 24 - Ludwig Bechstein, German poet (d. 1860)
- December 7 - Johann Nestroy, Austrian dramatist and actor (d. 1862)
- December 11 - Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German writer (d. 1836)
Deaths
- January 11 - Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (b. 1749)
- February 7 - Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish painter (b. 1726)
- March 11 - Paul I of Russia, Russian tsar (b. 1754)
- March 21 - Andrea Luchesi, Italian composer (b. 1741)
- March 23 - Tsar Paul of Russia, (b. 1754)
- March 25 - Novalis, German poet (b. 1772)
- April 2 - Thomas Dadford Junior, British canal engineer (b. circa 1761)
- April 7 - Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer (b. 1724)
- May 12 - Nicholas Repnin, Russian statesman (b. 1734)
- May 17 - William Heberden, English physician (b. 1710)
- June 4 - Frederick Muhlenberg, American statesman (b. 1750)
- June 14 - Benedict Arnold, American general (b. 1741)
- July 26 - Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria, (b. 1756)
- September 10 - Jason Fairbanks, American murderer (b. 1780)
- October 3 - Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur
- November 4 - William Shippen, American physician and delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1712)
- November 24 - Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy, Austrian field marshal (b. 1725)
- November 28 - Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu, French geologist (b. 1750)
Events
- January 1 - The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
- January 1 - The dwarf planet Ceres is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.
- January 20 - John Marshall is appointed the Chief Justice of the United States.
- February 4 - John Marshall is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States.
- February 17 - An electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the United States House of Representatives.
- February 27 - Washington, DC is placed under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress. See District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801
- March 10 - First census in Great Britain
- March 11 - Paul I of Russia is assassinated, leading the way for his son Alexander I to accede the throne.
- March 21 - The Battle of Alexandria is fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis in Egypt.
- March 23 - Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death in his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.
- April 2 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Copenhagen
- May 10 - First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States of America.
- July 6 - Battle of Algeciras: The French navy are defeated by the British Royal Navy.
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