Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1838
Birthdays
- January 4 - Charles Sherwood Stratton, American circus performer (d. 1883)
- January 5 - Camille Jordan, French mathematician (d. 1922)
- January 6 - Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
- January 16 - Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
- February 6 - Sir Henry Irving, British actor (d. 1905)
- February 6 - Yisrael Meir Kagan, Chofetz Chayim (d. 1933)
- February 14 - Margaret Knight, American inventor
- February 16 - Henry Adams, American historian and novelist (d. 1918)
- February 18 - Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist (d. 1916)
- February 28 - Maurice Lévy, French engineer (d. 1910)
- March 12 - William Henry Perkin, English chemist (d. 1907)
- March 15 - Karl Davydov, Russian cellist (d. 1889)
- April 2 - Léon Gambetta, French statesman (d. 1882)
- April 18 - Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, French scientist (d. 1912)
- April 21 - John Muir, American environmentalist (d. 1914)
- April 28 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist
- May 10 - John Wilkes Booth, American actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1865)
- May 11 - Walter Goodman, British painter
- May 20 - Jules Méline, French statesman (d. 1925)
- May 31 - Henry Sidgwick, English philosopher (d. 1900)
- June 2 - Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna, (d. 1900)
- June 16 - Cushman Davis, American politician (d. 1900)
- June 26 - Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Bengali Novelist (d. 1894)
- June 27 - Paul von Mauser, German weapon designer (d. 1914)
- July 6 - Vatroslav Jagic, Croatian scholar (d. 1923)
- July 8 - Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor (d. 1917)
- July 20 - Augustin Daly, American playwright (d. 1899)
- July 20 - George Otto Trevelyan, British statesman and biographer (d. 1928)
- July 23 - Edouard Judas Colonne, French violinist (d. 1910)
- September 2 - Liliuokalani of Hawaii, Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917)
- September 6 - Samuel Arnold, Lincoln conspirator (d. 1906)
- September 11 - John Ireland, American Catholic archbishop (d. 1918)
- September 18 - Anton Mauve, Dutch artist (d. 1888)
- September 23 - Victoria Woodhull, American suffragist (d. 1927)
- October 6 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910)
- October 25 - Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
- October 27 - John Davis Long, 32nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1915)
- October 31 - King Louis of Portugal, (d. 1889)
- November 7 - Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
- November 13 - Joseph Fielding Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- November 14 - August Senoa, Croatian writer (d. 1881)
- December 3 - Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
- December 3 - Octavia Hill, British housing and open-space activist (d. 1912)
- December 11 - John Labatt, Irish-Canadian brewer (d. 1915)
- December 20 - Edwin Abbott Abbott, English schoolmaster
- December 30 - Émile Loubet, 7th President of France (d.1929)
Deaths
- January 13 - Ferdinand Ries, German composer (b. 1784)
- April 6 - José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva, Brazilian statesman and geologist (b. 1763)
- May 17 - Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French diplomat (b. 1754)
- May 17 - René Caillé, French explorer (b. 1799)
- June 25 - François Nicolas Benoît, Baron Haxo
- July 19 - Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
- August 17 - Lorenzo Da Ponte, Italian librettist (b. 1749)
- August 21 - Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (b. 1781)
- September 1 - William Clark, American explorer
- September 5 - Charles Percier, French architect (b. 1764)
- October 1 - Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (b. 1768)
- October 3 - Black Hawk (chief), Leader of the Sauk Native American tribe (b. 1767)
- December 14 - Jean-Olivier Chénier, French Canadian physician and Patriote (b. 1806)
Events
- January 6 - Samuel Morse first successfully tests the electrical telegraph.
- January 8 - Alfred Vail demonstrates a telegraph using dots and dashes (this is the forerunner of Morse code).
- January 26 - Tennessee enacts the first prohibition law in the United States
- February 16 - Weenen Massacre: Hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal are killed by Zulus.
- February 28 - Robert Nelson, leader of the Patriotes, proclaims the independence of Lower Canada (today Québec)
- April 30 - Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.
- June 10 - Myall Creek Massacre in Australia: 28 Aboriginal Australians are murdered.
- June 28 - The coronation of Victoria of the United Kingdom.
- July 4 - The Iowa Territory is organized.
- August 1 - Non-labourer slaves in most of the British Empire are emancipated.
- August 18 - The Wilkes Expedition, which would explore the Puget Sound and Antarctica, weighs anchor at Hampton Roads in 1838
- September 3 - Dressed in a sailor's uniform and carrying identification papers provided by a Free Black seaman, future abolitionist Frederick Douglass boards a train in Maryland on his way to freedom from slavery.
- September 18 - The Anti-Corn Law League is established by Richard Cobden.
- October 27 - Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be exterminated.
- November 3 - The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
- November 5 - The Federal Republic of Central America begins to disintegrate when Nicaragua separates from the federation.
- December 16 - Battle of Blood River: Voortrekkers led by Andries Pretorius combat Zulu impis, led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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