Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1857
Birthdays
- January 6 - Hugh Mahon, Irish-born Australian politician (d. 1931)
- January 6 - William E. Russell, 37th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896)
- January 11 - Fred Archer, English jockey (d. 1886)
- January 17 - Eugene Augustin Lauste, French inventor (d. 1935)
- January 17 - Wilhelm Kienzl, Austrian composer (d. 1941)
- January 23 - Andrija Mohorovičić, Croatian seismologist (d. 1936)
- January 26 - the 12th Dalai Lama, (d. 1875)
- January 31 - George Jackson Churchward, Great Western Railway Chief mechanical engineer. (d. 1933)
- February 12 - Bobby Peel, English cricketer (d. 1943)
- February 22 - Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell
- February 22 - Heinrich Hertz, German physicist (d. 1894)
- February 26 - Émile Coué, French psychologist (d. 1926)
- March 7 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist
- March 16 - Charles Harding Firth, British historian (d. 1936)
- March 22 - Paul Doumer, French President (d. 1932)
- March 27 - Karl Pearson, English statistician (d. 1936)
- March 30 - Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (d. 1926)
- April 14 - Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, Youngest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
- April 18 - Clarence Darrow, American attorney (d. 1938)
- April 23 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (d. 1919)
- April 30 - Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1940)
- May 3 - George Gore, American baseball player (d. 1933)
- May 7 - William A. MacCorkle, American politician (d. 1930)
- May 13 - Ronald Ross, English physician
- May 15 - Williamina Fleming, Scottish-born astronomer (d. 1911)
- May 31 - Pope Pius XI, (d. 1939)
- June 2 - Edward Elgar, English composer (d. 1934)
- June 2 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer
- June 6 - Aleksandr Lyapunov, Russian mathematician (d. 1918)
- July 5 - Clara Zetkin, German socialist (d. 1933)
- July 8 - Alfred Binet, French psychologist (d. 1911)
- July 24 - Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer
- July 27 - José Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican politician (d. 1921)
- July 28 - Ballington Booth, co-founder of Volunteers of America (d. 1940)
- July 30 - Thorstein Veblen, American economist (d. 1929)
- August 8 - Cécile Chaminade, French pianist and composer (d. 1944)
- August 14 - Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d. 1922)
- August 15 - Albert Ballin, German shipping tycoon (d. 1918)
- August 18 - Libert H. Boeynaems, Belgian Catholic prelate (d. 1926)
- August 22 - Ned Hanlon, American baseball player and manager (d. 1937)
- August 29 - Sandford Schultz, English cricketer (d. 1937)
- September 2 - Thomas Groube, Australian cricketer (d. 1927)
- September 5 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist and inventor (d. 1935)
- September 6 - Zelia Nuttall, American archeologist and historian (d. 1933)
- September 8 - Georg Michaelis, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1936)
- September 13 - Michał Drzymała, Polish peasant rebel (d. 1937)
- September 13 - Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
- September 15 - William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States (d. 1930)
- September 17 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist (d. 1935)
- September 18 - John Hessin Clarke, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1945)
- October 24 - Ned Williamson, American baseball player (d. 1894)
- October 30 - Georges Gilles de la Tourette, French neurologist (d. 1904)
- November 3 - Mikhail Alekseev, Russian general (d. 1918)
- November 5 - Ida Tarbell, American journalist (d. 1944)
- November 17 - Joseph Babiński, Polish-French neurologist (d. 1932)
- November 26 - Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist (d. 1913)
- November 27 - Charles Scott Sherrington, British physiologist
- November 28 - King Alfonso XII of Spain, (d. 1885)
- November 29 - Theodor Escherich, German pediatrician (d. 1911)
- November 30 - Bobby Abel, English cricketer (d. 1936)
- December 3 - Joseph Conrad, Polish-born British writer (d. 1924)
- December 31 - King Kelly, American baseball player (d. 1894)
Deaths
- January 27 - Dorothea Lieven, Russian noblewoman (b. 1785)
- February 9 - Dionysios Solomos, Greek poet of the Greek national anthem (b. 1798)
- February 10 - David Thompson, Canadian explorer (b. 1770)
- February 15 - Mikhail Glinka, Russian composer (b. 1804)
- February 28 - André Dumont, Belgian geologist (b. 1809)
- April 8 - Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (b. 1827)
- May 2 - Alfred de Musset, French writer (b. 1810)
- May 23 - Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (b. 1789)
- June 8 - Douglas William Jerrold, British playwright and satirist (b. 1803)
- June 30 - Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist (b. 1802)
- July 2 - Carlo Pisacane, Italian patriot (b. 1818)
- July 4 - William L. Marcy, American statesman (b. 1786)
- July 15 - Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (b. 1791)
- July 19 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
- July 29 - Thomas Dick, Scottish scientific teacher and writer (b. 1774)
- August 3 - Eugène Sue, French novelist (b. 1804)
- August 27 - Rufus Wilmot Griswold, American literary critic and editor (b. 1812)
- September 3 - John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (b. 1784)
- September 5 - Auguste Comte, French sociologist (b. 1798)
- October 28 - Louis Eugène Cavaignac, French soldier and politician (b. 1802)
- November 26 - Joseph von Eichendorff, German poet (b. 1788)
Events
- January 9 - The Fort Tejon earthquake of California occurs, registering an estimated magnitude of 7.9.
- January 24 - The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first full-fledged university in south Asia.
- March 3 - Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
- March 6 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
- March 21 - An earthquake in Tokyo, Japan kills over 100,000.
- March 23 - Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
- March 29 - Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry revolts against the British rule in India and inspires a long-drawn War of Independence of 1857 also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
- April 1 - Herman Melville publishes The Confidence-Man.
- April 10 - The Sepoy Mutiny popularly known as the "Revolt of 1857" broke out in Meerut, India as part of the Indian independence movement.
- May 6 - The British East India Company disbands the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry whose Sepoy Mangal Pandey had earlier revolted against the British and is considered to be the First Martyr in the War of India's Independence.
- May 10 - Indian Mutiny: In India, the first war of Independence begins. Sepoys revolt against their commanding officers at Meerut.
- May 11 - Indian Mutiny: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.
- May 26 - Dred Scott is emancipated by the Blow family, his original owners.
- June 1 - Charles Baudelaire's Fleurs du mal is published.
- June 6 - Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden-Norway.
- June 26 - The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
- July 18 - Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
- August 24 - The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in U.S. history.
- September 11 - The Mountain Meadows Massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
- September 12 - The SS Central America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13-15 tons of gold from the San Francisco Gold Rush.
- September 20 - The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.
- October 5 - The City of Anaheim was founded.
- October 24 - Sheffield F.C., the world's first football club, is founded in Sheffield, England.
- November 16 - Second relief of Lucknow. The most Victoria Crosses won in a single day with 24.
- December 31 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom chooses Ottawa, Ontario, as the capital of Canada.
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