Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1871
Birthdays
- January 5 - Frederick Converse, U.S. composer (d. 1940)
- January 7 - Émile Borel, French mathematician and politician (d. 1956)
- January 8 - James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon
- January 17 - David Earl Beatty British admiral, (d. 1936)
- January 17 - Nicolae Iorga, Romanian writer (d. 1940)
- February 4 - Friedrich Ebert, German politician
- February 14 - Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (d. 1959)
- February 18 - Harry Brearley, English inventor (d. 1948)
- March 1 - Ben Harney, American composer and ragtime pianist (d. 1938)
- March 3 - Maurice Garin, French cyclist (d. 1957)
- March 4 - Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (d. 1945)
- March 5 - Rosa Luxemburg, Socialist revolutionary (d. 1919)
- March 19 - Schofield Haigh, British cricketer (d. 1921)
- March 26 - Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole of the Kingdom of Hawaii, (d. 1922)
- March 27 - Heinrich Mann, German writer (d. 1950)
- March 28 - Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (d. 1951)
- March 31 - Arthur Griffith, President of Ireland (d. 1922)
- April 5 - Mirko Seljan, Croatian explorer (d. 1913?)
- April 8 - Clarence Hudson White American photographer, (d. 1925)
- April 12 - Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and dictator (d. 1941)
- April 16 - John Millington Synge, Irish writer (d. 1909)
- May 6 - Victor Grignard, French chemist
- May 6 - Christian Morgenstern, German author (d. 1914)
- May 11 - Stjepan Radic, Croatian politician (d. 1928)
- May 11 - Frank Schlesinger, American astronomer (d. 1943)
- May 27 - Georges Rouault, French painter and graphic artist (d. 1958)
- May 30 - Olga Engl, Austrian actress (d. 1946)
- June 11 - Stjepan Radić, Croatian politician (d. 1928)
- June 14 - Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (d. 1946)
- June 22 - William McDougall, British psychologist and polymath (d. 1938)
- July 10 - Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922)
- July 15 - Kunikida Doppo, Japanese writer (d. 1908)
- July 18 - Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (d. 1946)
- August 1 - John Lester, American cricketer (d. 1969)
- August 2 - John French Sloan, American artist (d. 1951)
- August 9 - Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer (d. 1919)
- August 19 - Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (d. 1948)
- August 27 - Theodore Dreiser, American author (d. 1945)
- August 29 - Albert Lebrun, French politician (d. 1950)
- August 30 - Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand-born Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate (d. 1937)
- August 31 - James E. Ferguson, Texan governor (d. 1944)
- September 1 - J. Reuben Clark, Jr.
- September 10 - Charles Collett, British mechanical engineer (d. 1952)
- September 24 - Lottie Dod, English athlete (d. 1960)
- September 26 - Winsor McCay, American cartoonist (d. 1934)
- September 27 - Grazia Deledda, Italian writer
- October 2 - Cordell Hull, United States Secretary of State
- October 2 - Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscape architect (d. 1959)
- October 9 - George Gauthier, Bishop of Montreal and rector of the Université de Montréal (d. 1940)
- October 9 - Didak Buntić, Croatian monk and scholar.
- October 11 - Johan Oscar Smith, Norweigian religious leader (d. 1943)
- October 26 - Guillermo Kahlo, father of Frida Kahlo (d. 1941)
- October 30 - Paul Valéry, French poet (d. 1945)
- October 30 - Buck Freeman, American baseball player (d. 1949)
- November 1 - Stephen Crane, American writer (d. 1900)
- November 3 - Albert Goldthorpe, English rugby league footballer (d. 1943)
- November 10 - Winston Churchill, American novelist (d. 1947)
- November 27 - Giovanni Giorgi, Italian physicist (d. 1950)
- December 5 - Bill Pickett, American rodeo performer (d. 1932)
- December 9 - Joe Kelley, American baseball player (d. 1943)
- December 13 - Emily Carr, Canadian artist (d. 1945)
Deaths
- January 3 - Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian Saint (b. 1805)
- January 29 - Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé, French Canadian writer and Seigneur (b. 1786)
- February 7 - Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg, piano manufacturer (Steinway & Sons) (b. 1797)
- February 20 - Paul Kane, Irish-born painter (b. 1810)
- March 18 - Augustus De Morgan, Indian-born British mathematician and logician (b. 1806)
- March 19 - Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist (b. 1795)
- April 7 - Alexander Lloyd, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
- May 11 - John Herschel, British mathematician and astronomer (b. 1792)
- May 12 - Anselme Payen, French physicist (b. 1795)
- May 13 - Daniel Auber, French composer (b. 1782)
- July 16 - Tad Lincoln, son of U.S. president Abraham Lincoln
- August 27 - William Whiting Boardman, American politician (b. 1794)
- September 23 - Louis-Joseph Papineau, French Canadian politician (b. 1786)
- October 18 - Charles Babbage, English mathematician and inventor (b. 1791)
Events
- January 2 - Amadeus I becomes King of Spain.
- January 18 - Wilhelm I of Germany is proclaimed the first German Emperor in the 'Hall of Mirrors' of the Palace of Versailles towards the end of the Franco-Prussian War. The empire was known as The Second Reich to the Germans.
- January 19 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of St. Quentin is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
- January 28 - Franco-Prussian War: Siege of Paris ends in French defeat and an armistice.
- February 17 - The victorious Prussian Army parades though Paris, France after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.
- March 18 - Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders evacuation of Paris.
- March 21 - Otto von Bismarck is appointed Chancellor of the German Empire.
- March 21 - Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.
- March 22 - In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.
- March 27 - The first international rugby football match, England v. Scotland, is played in Edinburgh at Raeburn Place.
- March 28 - The Paris Commune is formally established in Paris.
- March 29 - The Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria.
- April 20 - Civil Rights Act of 1871
- April 30 - The Camp Grant Massacre takes place in Arizona Territory.
- May 4 - The National Association, the first professional baseball league, opens its first season in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
- May 21 - French troops invade the Paris Commune and engage its residents in street fighting. By the close of "Bloody Week" some 20,000 communards have been killed and 38,000 arrested.
- May 22 - The U.S. Army issued an order for abandonment of Fort Kearny in Nebraska.
- May 30 - The Paris Commune falls.
- June 10 - Sinmiyangyo: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 Marines in naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island, Korea.
- June 13 - In Labrador, a hurricane kills 300 people.
- June 16 - The University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests, except for courses in theology.
- July 2 - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy enters Rome after its conquest from the Papal States.
- July 20 - British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.
- July 30 - The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.
- August 29 - Emperor Meiji orders the Abolition of the han system and the establishment of prefectures as local centers of administration. (Traditional Japanese date: July 14, 1871).
- September 20 - Bishop John Coleridge Patteson martyred on the island of Nukapu, a Polynesian outlier island now in the Temotu province of the Solomon Islands. He was the first bishop of Melanesia.
- October 8 - Four major fires break out on the shores of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Peshtigo, Wisconsin, Holland, Michigan, and Manistee, Michigan. The Great Chicago Fire is the most famous of these, leaving nearly 100,000 people homeless, although the Peshtigo Fire killed as many as 2,500 people making it the deadliest fire in United States history.
- October 9 - The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control.
- November 10 - Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, allegedly greeting him with the words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
- November 17 - The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York.
- December 26 - Gilbert and Sullivan collaborate for the first time, on their lost opera, Thespis. It does modestly well, but the two would not collaborate again for four years.
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